World’s Top 10 Coffee-Producing Essay Example for Free

World’s Top 10 Coffee-Producing Essay Coffee is the world’s second largest traded commodity it is used not only for drinking but for soft drinks and cosmetics as well, it is second only to oil according to all imports and exports from all countries. They are two main types Arabica coffee (most people are used to this and are more popular) and there is Robusta coffee. In the last two years the prices of coffee have been gradually falling (Ycharts. (2013). Coffee Arabica Price) alongside this, the supply of coffee has also been falling. Although there have been some price fluctuations at times and this could end up really affecting an economy that depends on coffee. The reason that this is such a big deal is because the countries that heavily depend on coffee exports are usually developing countries and with the price of coffee falls, so does their rate of development, these countries involve countries such as Vietnam, Ethiopia, Peru and Guatemala who are all within the world’s top ten coffee producers (Justin Doom. (2011). World’s Top 10 Coffee-Producing Countries in 2010-2011). When these economies are weakened, they face to their governments, who need to somehow intervene in the coffee market and try to stabilise the prices so that they can reach their ultimate goal to continue to develop. Price stability in the coffee market is an ideal scenario in a market where the prices for coffee do not alter drastically. They may raise a little or fall, but never by a noticeable amount, and are easy to predict, which can help coffee producers plan for the far future. It is not only important to coffee producers, but to the economy as whole, if the prices for coffee are unstable, for some countries this could have a huge impact on the inflation levels. The diagram below describes how an unstable price for coffee can increase and affect the short run aggregate supply and cause the general price level for the economy to rise and therefore causing inflation as they did in July 2012 (Ycharts. (2013) There are several reasons why the prices of coffee have been fluctuating, but still gradually falling. The first reason is that coffee or coffee beans are extracted from plants. These plants must first be grown, then harvested. There is only so much mankind can do to ensure that there is always excess coffee however sometimes natural disasters can occur, and there is nothing that farmers can do to prevent this, when natural disasters occurs it means that farmers will have small yields and supply for coffee will be low, for  example Colombia, one of the world’s leading coffee producers and exporters, in recent years have been experiencing poor weather conditions which have led to production falling by 12% to 7.809 million bags in 2011 which is a record low that hasn’t been seen since 1976. This can cause the price to increase seeing as coffee is the world’s second most demanded commodity. These poor conditions consisted of excessive heavy rainfall, disease, pest and limited sunlight (Zacks Equity Research. (2012)). The graph below shows how the supply for coffee has decrease leading to a rise in price On the other hand this is just an example for Colombia and for the rest of the world the prices for coffee have been falling for the last four years, this is due to wealthy individuals and companies use their money to invest in the global coffee suppliers, and other large coffee producers such as Brazil (the world number three) has been turning out high yield and is expected to do so in following years. Fain Shaffer, president of infinity trading crop expects coffee to be traded by one dollar to a pound of coffee, figures which have not been seen since September 2006. (Alexandra Wexler. (09/17/2013)) Coffee prices may currently be relatively stable at the moment however according to research conducted by the Royal Botanical Edinburgh along with Ethiopian scientists and London’s Botanical Garden, Kew, have predicted that wild Arabica coffee will be extinct by the year 2080. If the prices beg in to fall, all of a sudden the prices for coffee will no longer be stable. No country operates on a 100% free market. All economies are mixed, some tend to be freer than others, however should a country find that prices are volatile or unfair, they can always rely on the government to intervene, aka government intervention. One way a government could help stabilise the price of coffee is through buffer stock schemes, these schemes focus on the prices of coffee and try to stabilize the price, they do this by first establishing the intervention price, this is a price the government thinks is most suitable for coffee. Once this has been established the government will then buy up a lot of coffee when the price is at its lowest, they continue to do this until prices for coffee begin to rise again, and to balance out the price to make sure it is at the intervention price. They are constantly buying coffee to balance out the price. This is an effective method in theory however in real life they do not work out as planned because the people in charge of the buffer stock  tend to get greedy and try to max imise profits rather than help the economy as a whole and end up just constantly buying till they go bust. A good example of a successful buffer stock scheme is in Brazil, for years Conab, Brazil’s official crop bureau has been buying coffee at low prices and uses it to help local producers when the selling price for coffee is too low. Between 2003-2004 Conab had just under four million KGs accumulated. (Geoff Riley. (2012)) Another issue with this is that it is very difficult for a government to raise enough money to buy up enough coffee to influence the natural supply and demand. It is also expensive to store large amounts of coffee and because it is an agricultural good it has a shelf life. Another method the government could intervene is through Subsidies. A subsidy is a grant given by the government in order to increase production, this would help producers who have produce low yields due to high taxation and or high costs If the government could make coffee more attractive this could help stabilise the price if supply started to fall. This however is not a very effective meth od because it can only help bring the supply of coffee back up, and it may be able to work to well, if producers begin to produce excess supply the prices of coffee could start to increase sharply leaving the prices unstable yet again. Buffer stock schemes are the most ideal way for a government to ensure price stability, and the success of the scheme depends heavily on whether or not the Government can provide proper facilities to accommodate huge quantities of coffee and are able to afford to buy enough Coffee to be able to alter the market forces so that if prices go to high they can bring them down and if they go to low that they can bring them back up again, if not it could result in huge losses for the economy and even end up setting the country back. The supply and demand of coffee can and always will be prone to quick sudden changes due to circumstances that are unavoidable.

Abortion is Baby Murder :: abortion argumentative persuasive argument

Abortion is Baby Murder      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Abortion.   What is it?   Why do people do it?   Is it killing a human life?   What are the benefits for having an abortion?   Should it be made illegal? These   questions I will try and answer on the key issue right now on abortion. I   will tell you my side and how I fell, and hope that after this you would agree with my opinion.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Abortion is the killing of a child before the birth.   They usually take a needle and put it into the mothers womb, and kill it.   Although that is not the only way to do it.   There are other ways also of killing a child.   There is a abortion called have abortion.   It comes out of the womb half way, then they kill it.   To me that is just sick.   I think that it is in humane to kill a live child.   Just think, it is alive.   It needs oxygen to breath.   It needs food to live. And if you don't take care of the baby, it wouldn't come out.   Like if you do drugs or alcohol, it will ruin the child.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There is one exception   that I would have is if the girl got raped. Even though I still wouldn't approve of it, I think there should be an exception. I think that if the woman had any brains, that she would want to have the loving child.   Just think   you come home from work one day, and all of the sudden your kid gives you a great big hug.   That shows love.   And after a long days work, wouldn't anybody want some love from a child.   Yeah when they are little they scream, and kick, but they also give love, and affection, and can be the cutest thing.   And if you abort, you wont get that will you?      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Some people also just want to make amends for what they have done. Maybe they have screwed up in their life and don't want there parents to know. Or maybe they just aren't ready for a kid.   Well let me tell you, you should have thought   about that before you had sex.   My mom once told me and this has

Proposal for Inventory System Essay

In today’s global world, access to basic and quality healthcare is crucial and imperative in order to have a good and healthy life. In view of this, access to quality and affordable drugs is a basic raw material in enhancing good and quality healthcare. It is therefore necessary and important to ensure that patients can easily get access to quality, un-expired and affordable drugs for the treatment of their diseases and sicknesses. Most importantly the efficiency with which these services are carried out can go a long way to save lives and improve upon the health status of individuals. Medisol Pharmaceutical Company Limited is a private retail pharmaceutical company established in Ghana and their main focus is to regularly sell pharmaceuticals, skin care products, baby care products and cosmetics to its customers. The company makes continuous efforts to maximize client’s satisfaction by providing good customer service and also segmenting their market so as to enable customers have easy access to their sales outlets. The company has its head office at Kanda and two other branches at west legon and kasowa respectively with their main target groups being the general public. Medisol Pharmaceutical Company ltd. has two major departments namely the Finance/Administrative Department and the Retail Department which are directly under the supervision of the CEO. The company has numerical staff strength of five (5) comprising of a CEO, a superintendent pharmacist, pharmacist, an accountant and a medicine counter assistant. Below is an organogram of Medisol Pharmaceutical company ltd. The Finance/Administrative department which is headed by the accountant handles mainly the financial and administrative tasks of the company. The company’s Retail Department serves as a liaison between Medisol and its customers and is headed by the Medicine Counter Assistant. The main responsibilities of this department are to manage the retail stock, sell items to customers and submit weekly reports to the CEO. Medisol’s operations are solely manual; as our team got to the company we were privileged to speak to the head of the retail department who explained thoroughly to us how the manual process takes place. The process starts with stock purchase where the medicine counter assistant makes a list of all needed items to be bought. This list is sent to their wholesalers for delivery of the items. Upon delivery, the items are crossed checked with the order list made and a sales invoice is then given to Medisol which is then filed in a purchasing file. Items to be sold are arranged on shelves with price tags on each item. Details of items sold are recorded in a sales book. Retail stocks are taken three times in a month and the process used is as follows; -Drugs on the shelves are counted and the quantity is crossed checked with the sales invoice kept in the purchase file(which shows quantity of items bought ), this is done to know the quantity of items sold -The quantity of sold items is then crossed checked from the sales books to further check if the items were really sold, expired or stolen. This process helps them to know how much items have been sold, how much stock is left and also determine whether to make an order or not. Medisol also has a special way of identifying expired drugs so that they won’t be sold to customers, with this the medicine counter assistant prepares a manual list of drugs whose expiry date falls within a particular year hence every six months this list is checked for drugs which have their expiry dates closer or already expired. Those almost about to expire are sold faster while those already expired are cleared from the shelves and discarded. In today’s world it is impossible to compete in the job market without a working knowledge of IT. It is therefore imperative that Medisol Pharmaceutical Company Limited implement and invest into good inventory control management system that have the ability to track, report and replenish stock. This will then improve accuracy and enhance safety and efficiency thereby helping the resale department decrease stock errors. This solution is intended to help the department to manage all transactions of received stocks, price, quantity and invoice. Security of this system will be enhanced, making it impossible for items to be misplaced or stolen. The benefits of the computerized inventory control system to Medisol Pharmaceutical Company ltd. is to make inventory decisions that minimize the total cost of inventory, which is distinctly different from minimizing inventory. It is often more expensive to run out of an item (and thus be forced to obtain it through more expensive channels) than simply to keep more units in stock. Several models have been proposed in the literature for minimizing the total cost of inventory through the use of an economic order quantity, which attempts to balance the carrying costs of inventory with the cost of running out of an item. Most pharmacy inventory decisions involve replenishment–how much to order, when to decide to order, and when to place the order.

Analysis Of The Book The Catcher Rye - 880 Words

Risi Amadi Mr. Webb The Catcher in the Rye Part I: Reading Logs Catcher in the Rye J.D. Salinger Entry #1 220 Pages Pages 1-40 This book started very different compared to most other book, its different because throughout the beginning gives a lot of information is given to the reader that you would not expect until later on in the story. The beginning also gives us a back story of most of the characters but they go into most depth with Holden. Holden Caulfield is the main character and the story is from his point of view and focused around him. We are told that he goes to school at Pencey Prep and he was failing almost all of his classes. The rest of this chapter was spent by the author continuing to give us important information on the school and how it was located in Pennsylvania and was the best school there as well. It is mentioned that Holden has a brother called DB and he was very rich and famous and was working in the Hollywood Industries as a writer. Purely based on how he spoke of his brother you could tell that he was somewhat jealous of him and the things he had accomplished. The major ity of this part of the book is spent describing Holden and his life. Catcher in the Rye J.D. Salinger Entry #2 220 Pages Pages 73-110 We begin to learn more and more about the main character Holden Caulfield as the story progresses. He has since moved back into the dorms and at this point in the book is having a rather strange conversation with his roommates;Show MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Book The Catcher Of The Rye 1131 Words   |  5 PagesAckley is a minor character in the novel â€Å"the Catcher in the Rye† by J.D. Salinger. One of Ackley’s main attributes is his rudeness because â€Å"He was exactly the kind of a guy that wouldn’t get out of your light when you asked him to,† (Salinger, 21). He (Ackley) is also nosy; â€Å"He always picked up your stuff and looked at it,† (Salinger, 20). A few other attributes of Ackley’s are his unhygienic persona that has â€Å"†¦ a lot of pimples. Not just on his forehead†¦ but all over his whole face. And not onlyRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Catcher Of The Rye 1452 Words   |  6 PagesTitle: The Catcher in th e Rye 1. Significance of the title: Throughout the book we see Holden retreat into his head and imagination multiple times instead of dealing with the real world. When asked what he wants to do with his life he gives the title of a job he had wanted as a kid, to catch the people running through a rye field before they fell off the weird cliff it was on. He used to have dreams about doing this and protecting people. He has a very naà ¯ve view on the world and it shows thoughRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Catcher Of The Rye 1080 Words   |  5 Pagesthe only one present. In the book The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger and the movie Igby Goes Down by Burr Steers hypocrisy, self-Isolation and the deception of adult-hood are themes that re-illiterate the coming of age for young-adults like Holden Caulfield and Igby Slocumb. At times, we as people forget the standards we claim set upon ourselves to embrace yet forgetting to act upon it. This entitlement of hypocrisy carries out commonly amongst The Catcher in The Rye and Igby Goes Down. It is portrayedRead MoreBook Analysis: Catcher in the Rye2386 Words   |  10 PagesThe Catcher in the Rye: ISU Questions Graham Eby Thursday, July 10, 2008 Chapters 1-8: 1. Holden’s attitude towards his parents seems negative because judging by the way he describes them, they sound touchy and overbearing with very high expectations. Pencey is a private school and his parents wanted him there, which gives us the impression that they expect a lot from him, and he can’t, or chooses not to give it to them. 2. Holden is isolated at Pencey by; Pencey is an all boys school, andRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Catcher Of The Rye By Quot. Salinger1240 Words   |  5 Pages The Catcher in the Rye, a novel written by J.D. Salinger, follows the short journey in which a teenage boy is coming to terms with his encroaching adulthood. Holden, the main character, has been kicked out of a private school for the third time. In New York, he is on the verge of a mental breakdown. Holden is reluctant to act on the obvious solution of returning home and feels discombobulation towards the consequences he might have to face. He reflects on the death of his brother and strugglesRead MoreTheme Analysis of Alienation in Books the Catcher in the Rye and 19841390 Words   |  6 PagesConcept, which originates in its modern form with Marx. For Marx Alienation is a Condition occurring in pre-Socialist societies, where the human Nature of man is made other than; alienate what man is really capable of being? The novels the Catcher in the Rye and 1984 Present Characters who’s Inability To conform to the norms of their Society Results in their Alienation. Alienation is a feeling of not belonging. This feeling can be physical, mental, Religious, spiritual, psychologicalRead MoreAnalysis Of Characters And Themes Of The Catcher Rye 1537 Words   |  7 Pages Analysis of Characters and Themes in The Catcher in the Rye J.D. Salinger was born in 1919 to a wealthy Manhattan family. He grew up in the same social conditions as Holden Caulfield does in The Catcher in the Rye. The last thing Salinger cared about was being a successful student because he was very lazy, without care for his responsibilities and tasks. Salinger flunked out of many prep schools, and his parents sent him to a military academy named Valley Forge in Pennsylvania, where he graduatedRead MoreTheme Of The Catcher In The Rye976 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout the novel The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger there are several different themes portrayed that widely relate to current issues of teenagers and adults alike. While reading the novel several different themes were revealed creating a deep and meaningful story line. Three themes viewed within the novel are; the phoniness of the adult world, alienation as a form of self-protection, and the painfulness of growing up. Each of these themes have large significance in character a nd plot developmentRead MoreShould Banned Be Banned? A High School Curriculum?1603 Words   |  7 PagesAccording to the American Library Association, more than 11,300 books have been challenged since 1982. This staggering number reflects thousands of students being denied the rewarding benefits associated with reading complex forms of literature that convey important messages about life and its various problematic, profane, and distasteful aspects. Specifically, the inclusion of banned books in a high school curriculum containing obscene aspects would not only strengthen comprehensive reading skillsRead MoreJ.b. Salinger s The Catcher s The Rye 1319 Words   |  6 PagesSymbolism in The Catcher in the Rye J.D. Salinger is well known for his works. His most famous being The Catcher in the Rye. Two other of his famous works include Nine stories and Franny and Zooey. J.D Salinger is also well known for his sense of humor that he includes inside of his books. The Catcher in the Rye has become an essential work to be studied in academic literature and its course of study. This book entails many uses of symbolism throughout the book. Symbolism is used